It is used to dispose of solid, liquid and gaseous waste. This is stage 1, which you learned about in study session 7. Lastly, special types of waste are regulated by the following. Waste is any substance which is discarded after primary use or in other words, there is no further use for the product. Information regarding the proper handling, disposal and treatment of various types of solid wastes, including construction and demolition debris, industrialcommercial waste, waste tires, asbestos, lumber pressure treated with chromated copper arsenate, regulated medical waste, used electronic equipment, fluorescent and hid lamps, and used oil. These wastes are produced from food processing plants, cotton mills, paper mills, sugar mills and textile industries. Inefficient waste disposal systems lead to environmental pollution along with presenting severe health hazards. Industrial solid wastes can be classified into two groups. Municipal solid waste msw is a pool of various solid wastes by towns and cities from different types of household activities. The manual identifies issues and factors to consider when deciding to build a transfer station, planning and designing it, selecting a site, and involving the community. We generate a huge amount of wastes in our day to day life. Solid waste management is an integral part of the environmental domain of any region. Liquid waste can be subdivided into other waste types based on the nature of the liquid waste and the risks it poses. However, there are no adequate treatment and disposal facilities and qualified personnel in these developing countries.
Municipal solid waste management gap analysis 16 figure 1. This type of solid waste is most infectious and can spread diseases and other types of viral and bacterial infections among humans and animals if not managed properly in a scientific way. Garbage is mainly considered as a solid waste that includes wastes from our houses domestic waste, wastes from schools, offices, etc municipal wastes and wastes from industries and factories industrial wastes. Types of solid waste collection system environment insider. Generally, it is generated from industrial, residential and commercial activities in a given area, and may be handled in a variety of ways. To introduce the reader to the solid waste management field, an overview of municipal solid waste problems, sources, collection, resource recovery, and disposal methods are presented in this paper. Solid waste management is a polite term for garbage management. Chapter 7 solid waste management european commission. It predominantly includes food wastes, yard wastes, containers and product packaging, and other miscellaneous inorganic wastes from residential, commercial, institutional. Direct handling of solid waste can result in various types of infectious and chronic diseases with the waste workers and rag pickers being the most vulnerable 4. Study session 9 storage, collection, transfer and transport of solid waste introduction. Waste definitions can determine whether a material is a waste or a product or resource, and that determination can have significant regulatory, environmental and financial impacts for the whole waste management system, including waste generators, processors, transporters and disposal operators. Waste generation, composition and management data 2006 ipcc guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories 2. An analysis of the different waste classes is given.
Solid waste streams should be characterized by their sources, by the types of wastes produced, as well as by generation rates and composition. According to the daily dawn dated february 27th,2002, karachi alone produces about some 10,000 metric tones of solid waste daily out of which only 30 40 percent is transported and dumped into open landfills while the rest is either left unattended or is being burnt insitu. Wastes that may be accepted by municipal solid waste. Types of waste waste medical waste municipal solid waste hazardous waste radioactive waste industrial waste spent fuel highlevel lowlevel uranium mill tailings manufacturing mining agriculture coal combustion oil and gas production source. Types of waste generally, waste could be liquid or solid waste. The chain begins with the generation of waste by individual households, institutions and workplaces. Classification of solid waste, sources, composition. Oct 11, 2019 solid waste management is an essential service in any society. Three tiers to estimate the ch4 emissions from swds are described. There are four main methods for the disposal of solid waste land application. We begin with a closer look at the sources and characteristics of liquid. Various methods are practiced to control solid waste pollution as composting, recycling, incineration, pyrolysis, disposal, landfills etc. Summary the most common types of anaerobic digesters for solid wastes were compared based on biological and technical performance and reliability.
Read this article to learn about types, sources, effects and methods of solid waste management. Solid waste generation at the point source should be restricted by created by public awareness. A wide range transport services such as large motorized vehicles or garbage trucks, can be used to collect the waste from the sources of generation, communal collection points or transfer stations to final disposal site. All the members of the household must be informed how to segregate wastes into compostable, non recyclable, recyclable and special or hazardous waste.
The highest rank in the hierarchy of integrated solid waste management is source reduction. The current project considers all waste materials, but within the constraints of the limited project timeline, the focus is on identifying specific examples that help to demonstrate the issues with existing approaches to defining and classifying waste in australia, and most of the examples identified relate to solid waste streams. Illustration of solid waste management revenue streams 21. Toxic wastes are those that are poisonous in small or trace amounts. Sep 19, 2016 an incinerator can destroy and remove at least 99. I types, amounts and effects of industrial solid wastes jinhui li 4 solid wastes from the chemical industry this kind of wastes includes inferior products semifinished products, outgrowth. Waste classification and management regulations and. Solid waste management pdf notes swm pdf notes smartzworld. Incineration reduces waste volume by up to 90 percent of the original amount. Challenges and opportunities regarding the management of waste are highlighted. Solid waste types of solid waste disposing solid waste. Liquid and solid waste types can also be grouped into organic, reusable and recyclable waste. Before introducing the process, however, lets start with a discussion of the material being managedsolid waste.
This study session is the first of three that builds on that introduction and describes liquid wastes in more detail. Solid waste management is a severe challenge in developing countries like ethiopia due to the growing mixture of waste characteristics and deficiency of operational application of dependable waste. The different sources of wastes can be identified by recognizing the types of wastes. But its more expensive than disposing of trash in a landfill. According to the general plan for radioactive waste pgrr is any material or waste product that presents traces of radioactivity and for which no further use is foreseen. Solid waste generation swg is a problematic and is an issue of concern everywhere in the world, particularly in all urban centers. There must be a separate container for each type of waste. Types of costs to be reflected in the full cost accounting fca 19 figure 1. The final stage of solid waste management is safe disposal where associated risks are minimised. In many communities, citizens have voiced concerns about solid waste transfer. Some solid waste can also be converted to a liquid waste form for disposal. Since solid waste consist of several types of waste, it is important to briefly examine the various forms and types of solid waste.
Separation and processing and transformation of solid wastes the types of means and facilities that are now used for the recovery of waste materials that. Solid waste any unwanted product which is not a liquid or gas in our surroundings and from our daily products. As long as liumans have been living in settled communities, solid waste, or garbage, has been an issue, and modern societies generate far more solid waste than early humans ever did. The hospital waste includes solid waste in the form of disposable syringes, bandages, cotton swabs, body fluids, human excreta, anatomical waste, bandages. It is recognized as a practical method of disposing of certain hazardous waste materials. Solid waste may be in the form of household garbage, leftovers of food and other wastage that include old house hold items such as papers, plastic waste in the form of kitchen equipment or any other products that are consumed during every day activities.
For example, endrin is a pesticide which is a listed p051 and characteristic d012 hazardous waste. If organic waste is incinerated, the resulting ash can provide nutrients for hydroponic solutions. Solid wastes controlling methods biology discussion. The sources of solid waste include residential, commercial, institutional, and industrial activities. An msw facility may also accept certain special wastes and nonhazardous industrial solid wastes if approved by the tceq executive director. A breakdown of solid waste types and sources is provided in table 8. Identify 2 types of solid waste in the ground and covered each day with dirt and or plastic its main function is to contain the waste thats burried inside and to keep it from harming the environment describe how a modern landfill works. Municipal solid waste household waste consists of household waste, construction and demolition debris, sanitation residue, and waste from streets. Separating different types of waste components is an important step in the handling and storage of solid waste at the source. But, care should be taken not to create air pollution due to burning of solid waste. There are various types of solid waste collection system. Municipal solid waste, commonly known as trash or garbage us, refuse or rubbish uk is a waste type consisting of everyday items we consume and discard.
Domestic areas appropriate solid waste management strategies may vary for. Reactive wastes are those that have a tendency to react vigorously with air or water are. Biodegradable waste can be commonly found in municipal solid waste as green waste, food waste, paper waste, and biodegradable plastics. This training module provides comprehensive and detailed learning materials on solid waste collection and transport that can be used as reference material for practitioners in las and as background information for trainers.
Accurate information in these three areas is necessary in. Solid waste refers to the range of garbage materialsarising from animal and human activitiesthat are discarded as unwanted and useless. Recycling resource recovery the most common of these is undoubtedly land application, although all four are commonly. These industries produce different types of waste products table 17. Liquid waste can be produced by all sectors of society, and includes sewage as well as wastewater from industrial processes such as food and agricultural processing, and manufacturing. You were introduced to the main types of liquid waste in study session 1. Municipal solid waste consists of household waste, construction and demolition debris, sanitation residue, and waste from streets. Waste types of waste sources of waste recycling of waste. Incinerators convert waste materials into heat, gas, steam and ash. Pdf impact of solid waste on health and the environment.
Solid waste management types with methods and its effects. Incineration is the preferred method for disposing of toxic chemicals and hazardous wastes. All nonhazardous solid waste from a community that requires. When some extremely harmful chemicals are present, epa requires that an incinerator show it can destroy and remove at least 99. Sevenstep approach for developing a municipal solid waste management plan 12 figure 1. Jul 23, 2012 solid waste is any waste generated by every day human activities. Pepper, in environmental and pollution science third edition, 2019. Hence, solid waste management reduces or controls the solid waste pollution and its hazardous effects. Solid waste collector shall use only safe, serviceable collection equipment. A municipal solid waste msw facility may accept various types of municipal solid waste for processing or disposal, depending on the type of facility. Here you can download the free lecture notes of solid waste management pdf notes swm pdf notes materials with multiple file links to download. If these quantities are added, the solid waste production rate reaches 45 kg per capita per day 100 lb. Garbage arising from human or animal activities, that is abandoned as unwanted and useless is referred as solid waste. Other biodegradable wastes include human waste, manure, sewage, sloughterhouse waste.
Incineration is carried out both on a small scale by individuals and on a large scale by industry. As shown in the diagram above, solid waste management generally includes a collection of waste, transporting waste, processing and recycling it, and. Studies conducted by yongsi 6 show that exposure to hazardous waste in dumpsites can affect human health, children being the most vulnerable to these pollutants. Each of these waste types is examined separately below.
Landfill technique, types of landfill,landfills for commingled msw,landfills for shredded solid wastes,landfills for individual waste constituents,landfilling methods,excavated celltrench method, landfill siting considerations, haul distance, location restrictions, climatologic conditions, surface water hydrology, local environmental conditions. Solid waste is the unwanted or useless solid materials generated from human activities in residential, industrial or commercial areas. Environmental and health impact of solid waste disposal in. The following two processes are adopted to reduce solid waste by burning but not creating air pollution. Some may have acute or immediate effect on human or animals. Solid waste disposal 2006 ipcc guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories 3. Packer trucks shall completely, adequately and fully accommodate the use of approved, covered, commercial type solid waste containers, for collection from persons within the town. Nonmunicipal solid waste is a large category of waste that is often divided into three types.
This work is licensed under a creative commons attribution. Industrial, commercial, domestic, and agricultural. Such swg is considered one of the most challenging issues faced by most developing countries that suffer from sever environmental pollution problems caused by the large quantities of swg. The guide for industrial waste managementis not intended to address facilities that primarily handle the following types of waste. Solid waste management can be thought of as a chain of linked stages, as shown in figure 9. Municipal solid waste an overview sciencedirect topics. In the absence of oxygen much of this waste will decay to methane by anaerobic digestion. Solid waste can be classified into different types depending on their source. Municipal solid waste may contain a variety of pathogens, a source of which is often disposable diapersit has been found that as. Sources of waste can be broadly classified into four types.
I types, amounts and effects of industrial solid wastes jinhui li industrial solid wastes are generated from the growing industries. Solid waste management notes pdf swm notes pdf book starts with the topics waste collection, from low and mediumrise apartments, landfill technique, types of landfill, landfills for commingled msw. Types of wastes different types and sources of wastes. If your solid waste is determined pdf to be nonhazardous, you must then determine if it contains regulated levels of pcbs polychlorinated biphenyls, pesticides, asbestos, infectious, or other physical or chemical characteristics defined in 329 iac 107.
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